The first and often most important interaction a nurse has with a patient is their initial nurse intake interview, also called a health assessment. This is when you meet the patient and gather information about symptoms and health history. A standard health assessment will give you and other healthcare providers the necessary baseline to start further evaluation and eventual treatment.

Performing a patient health assessment can become rote. To a certain degree, this is a good thing鈥攆or a highly competent nurse this exercise is second nature. But this doesn鈥檛 mean they should all be the same, and for inquisitive nurses looking to make an intake even smoother and more efficient, there are ways to take your nurse-patient interview from standard to a higher standard.

Ready to become an even better nurse? Learn strategies and habits that can make a difference in patient outcomes. Here are some intake basics and health assessment best practices, as well as tips to overcome certain intake obstacles.

Nurse-Patient Health Assessment Basics

Let鈥檚 start with what they do teach you in nursing school before we move on to some pro tips and troubleshooting techniques you might find useful on a case-by-case basis. So what is a standard intake process a nurse performs? First consider the purpose of an intake assessment鈥攊nformation gathering. If you think gathering patient history is just a routine step in patient intake, consider that . It鈥檚 routine because it鈥檚 important.

During your initial patient assessment, you鈥檒l want to collect the :

• Data (objective and subjective)
• Family history
• Medical and surgical history
• Medication history
• Psychosocial history

In many healthcare settings, a patient will fill out a standardized form that includes much of the above, either in the waiting room or in advance of their appointment. During your intake interview, you may also want to obtain information about the patient鈥檚 sociological and spiritual needs.

In addition to collecting the health history of the patient, you鈥檒l do the initial physical assessment to gather some immediate information about the patient鈥檚 condition. This physical part of the intake assessment involves checking vital signs and other physical statuses that will often include:

• Blood pressure
• Temperature
• Heart rate
• Respiratory rate
• Weight
• Pain scale

Both patient history and physical data collection give you and other providers treating the patient a baseline to begin making decisions about what鈥檚 next, whether that includes collecting additional data through further examination or tests, or moving forward with a care plan and treatment schedule. The complexity of the patient鈥檚 condition will often guide how much additional assessment is needed.

Creating the Nurse-Patient Relationship

Creating and cultivating a nurse-patient relationship is one of the soft skills of nursing that can have a significant impact in setting treatment up for success. Since the patient鈥檚 intake interview is likely your first interaction, this is your opportunity to create a foundation for communication and trust.

For a detailed look at this first interaction, we invite you to view our post on How to Make a Good First Impression on a Patient[1] , but here are some practical ways to make this part of the process count by treating this face-to-face as an opportunity to establish the right rapport:

• Make Eye Contact: Meeting your patient鈥檚 eyes demonstrates that they have your full attention, and are there to make a connection.
• Offer a Smile: Your patient needs a friendly face, particularly if they are concerned about their symptoms. 
• Speak Clearly and Politely: Always be professional with your patient, but that doesn鈥檛 mean you have to be impersonal. Use language they can follow, and keep it warm.
• Practice Active Listening: Prepare to listen, don鈥檛 interrupt, observe physical cues, and be responsive. Sometimes patients communicate with more than words.
• Respect Personal Space: Until or unless you start a physical exam, give your patient at least an arm鈥檚 length. There鈥檚 science behind this, and it鈥檚 called .

If you follow these rules of thumb and other intuitive courtesies to put your patient at ease, they may feel more comfortable with you, and therefore more forthcoming about any symptoms or histories they might otherwise omit. The more you know, the better everyone鈥檚 chance at a good patient outcome. Your patient might not have any questions (yet) but if they do, make room for them. Show your patient you鈥檙e there to provide them with information, too.

Strategies for Effective and Empathetic Communication

Empathy is a broad term, but you鈥檒l need it to conduct a superior intake interview when recording a patient鈥檚 history and symptoms. In addition to active listening (mentioned above), there are to put your patient at ease and foster trust:

Nonverbal Communication: In addition to observing your patient for nonverbal behavior that can give you clues about your patient鈥檚 pain or anxiety, you can communicate non-verbally as well. Here are a few ways to communicate while saying nothing:

• Stillness: While your patient is speaking, adopt a relaxed posture and try not to fidget. Stillness communicates to your patient that you are listening attentively. You can even mirror your patient鈥檚 position to show empathy.
• Physical Contact: Follow your patient鈥檚 nonverbal lead on whether to offer a reassuring touch. Some patients may not want physical contact, but for others holding their hand or placing yours on their arm or back can make them feel less alone.
• Eye Contact: Again, meeting your patient鈥檚 eyes is a good way to connect. Your patient is operating from a place of uncertainty, and eye contact may reassure them that you鈥檙e not avoiding anything difficult or embarrassing.
• Silence: Sometimes a moment of silence will give the conversation the space it needs to continue. Don鈥檛 interrupt your patient; they might have more to say about a symptom or history.

A Shared Experience: Remember that you and your patient are in this together. Sharing a laugh, some hope, or even a little something about yourself can help humanize your interaction, and create a stronger sense of connection.

• Share Humor: Sharing an appropriate laugh with a patient can help ease tension and foster connection. You may be able to find humor in a shared culture, if you have one.
• Share Hope and Positivity: Even if your patient is facing a difficult prognosis or course of treatment, try to instill hopefulness and the possibility of a positive outcome.
• Share Yourself: Within , disclosing a little bit about yourself promotes togetherness, shared trust, and may help your patient feel less alone.

Read (and Ask) Between the Lines: As a nurse, you鈥檙e not just there to receive information, but to focus the conversation and interpret where more clarity or disclosure might help. Use communication tactics that can help you make the most of your intake conversation:

• Maintain Focus: Don鈥檛 let the conversation get lost in irrelevant anecdotes or banter. Gently steer things back to the issues at hand when you need to.
• Pursue Clarifications: Ask your patient to elaborate or reframe anything that feels unclear or could be interpreted in more than one way. Having your patient rephrase something you鈥檙e not sure about will help you avoid miscommunication.
• Summarize and Reiterate: Summarizing the patient鈥檚 own information back to them may lead them to clarify or correct something important. Keep your summary clear and in terms everyone can follow.
• Invite Questions: Don鈥檛 end your intake without opening up for questions, if appropriate. Not only does this empower and inform your patient, you never know when a patient鈥檚 question will actually reveal something that did not come out naturally before.

What to Do When a Patient Isn鈥檛 Cooperative

Not every patient assessment will go smoothly, no matter how prepared and adaptive you are. A patient may be uncooperative or unforthcoming for many reasons that aren鈥檛 necessarily deceitful. They may be embarrassed, fearful, forgetful, or may simply not understand what kind of information is important to share. Many patients may not know their full family health histories, or even their own health history in entirety.

Any scenario where a patient leaves out key information is compromising their safety. Often this omission is unintentional; for example, a patient may not mention a symptom they see as irrelevant or innocuous, but may in fact lead to a diagnosis. There鈥檚 no way to know what a patient is leaving out, but if symptoms suggest there鈥檚 more to the story, the best thing you can do is ask questions and encourage your patient to share even those details they might deem unrelated.

Another possible scenario is a patient who is lying out of guilt or embarrassment. You may pick up on this through body language, like a delayed response to a question or avoiding eye contact. Perhaps your patient hasn鈥檛 been taking their medication on schedule because their financial situation has changed and they can鈥檛 afford it. Maybe you suspect your patient is embellishing their exercise regime and attention to nutrition, or downplaying smoking habits. In these instances, the nurse-patient relationship is your friend. You can express gentle skepticism to prod out the truth, or offer advice that takes a likely omission into account.

Yet another possibility is that you have a patient with a substance abuse disorder who lies about their substance use either out of shame or, worse, in the interest of obtaining a prescription. Your facility may have specific policies in place for these scenarios, such as asking patients to sign an agreement that they won鈥檛 seek another prescription for a controlled substance elsewhere. That conversation will likely take place with the doctor, but your communication skills and instincts can be lifesaving when it comes to avoiding prescription interactions or worse.

Scenarios involving patients with behavioral issues that may need a very specific type of approach that warrants their own discussion and set of protocols. Make sure you鈥檙e familiar with your organization’s protocols, safety measures and other resources for interacting with these types of patients.

Hopefully in most instances, however, you鈥檒l be able to tease out the information you need using the techniques above, if the patient doesn鈥檛 offer it without some questioning. If not, it may become necessary to confront the patient about falsehoods to correct the assessment. If it comes to that, stay nonjudgmental and remind your patient that you truly need all the information鈥攅specially the uncomfortable information鈥攖o keep them safe.

Concluding Your Assessment

Once you鈥檝e concluded your intake interview with the patient, allowed for questions, asked for clarification, and pursued any missing information, end the assessment with courtesy and warmth. Remember to thank your patient by name and, if you鈥檒l be seeing them again, remind them of yours. You鈥檝e completed your first collaboration in the health of your patient, setting them up for a good experience and the best possible outcome.

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